这个清单, which Michigan State University has graciously allowed John Carroll University to utilize, is intended to be a starting point for making documents and websites accessible, and should be used in conjunction with the other materials and trainings offered. 这个清单 is a summary of common accessibility issues; the University requires full compliance with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. 如果你有问题, 请询问学生无障碍服务, 整合营销和通信或IT帮助台.
文本和对比
检查文本是否与页面背景有强烈的对比. 在文本和背景之间提供足够的对比度，可以让那些有中度视力障碍的人在光线较暗的条件下阅读内容. 建议在白色背景上使用黑色文本.
理由是: 对比色文本和背景颜色使文本对色盲和低视力用户更具可读性.
文本样式
Use more than color to denote differences, emphasis, and content meaning. In addition to contrasting colors, consider adding text, shapes, and patterns.
理由是: This helps color-blind and low-vision users recognize where you are emphasizing specific text.
标题样式
使用描述性标题样式来指定内容组织. 使用标题(e.g.，标题1，标题2)表示内容的层次结构. 文本编辑器中预定义的样式标题可以让读者更清楚地理解文档或网页的结构. 在冗长的内容页上, consider using a table of contents to help readers jump more quickly between headings.
理由是: 屏幕阅读器必须得到指示，以便知道哪些内容是最重要的，以及应该如何组织. 标题为屏幕阅读器提供了这些信息，并帮助有视觉障碍的用户更快地浏览您的内容.
列表样式
使用项目符号或编号列表样式来表示列表结构. 这也确保了一致的格式，并帮助屏幕阅读器理解内容结构和组织.
理由是: Screen readers have to be given instructions to know how to organize content. 格式列表为屏幕阅读器提供了这些信息，并帮助有视觉障碍的用户更快地浏览您的内容.
替代文本
Provide alternative text (“alt text”) for images, 图, and charts. Descriptive alt text explains what is being illustrated and is read when using non-visual browsers. If images are decorative and don’t directly relate to the content, 将该信息添加到Alt文本中.
理由是: 屏幕阅读器“读取”图像, 图, 用你提供的替代文本制作图表. This explains the purpose of your image, graph, or chart to users with visual impairments.
多媒体的多重途径
为多媒体内容提供多种途径.g.、带文字记录的音频、带字幕的视频). Video, audio, and interactive 媒体 requires captioning or an alternative method to deliver the same information.
理由是: 标题和 文本有益于各种各样的用户, 包括非英语母语人士, 听力受损的用户, 以及在声音敏感环境中的用户.
添加背景
Use descriptive titles, headers, and link text to provide added context. 链接文本描述你要链接的内容, which helps readers scan and anticipate where they will go when clicking a link. Link text like “Click here” provides little context to where the link is actually going. Do not solely rely on references to shape, 大小, or position to describe content.
理由是: Descriptive link text also provides the main context for screen readers. Screen readers linearize content and do not communicate all aspects of shape, 大小, 或者视觉元素的位置.
表
格式化和使用带有列标题和行标题的简单表格. Split nested tables up into simple tables, and don’t use tables to control layout.
理由是: Complex tables can be difficult for readers to follow and comprehend, especially for screen reader users who have to remember the headers.
其他的考虑
而WCAG 2的一部分.0 guidelines, these best practices may also make sense to implement.
资本化
尽量少用大写. Capitalizing all letters in a word or sentence can be visually difficult to read, and it causes a screen reader to read each individual letter instead of the word.
外部链接
任何文本, 媒体, or activities that you provide from an external website or resource should be accessible.
键盘导航内容
确保内容可以通过键盘导航. 键盘导航是有视觉或移动障碍的用户在网页上导航内容的主要手段.